TEN WAYS IRRIGATORS CAN HELP RESTORE CLEAN WATER AND SALMON

• Improve irrigation scheduling by measuring soil water. Both under-irrigating and over-irrigating can damage crops. Over-irrigating also wastes valuable and costly water that could otherwise be conserved instream. By monitoring the water conditions of soil, irrigation scheduling can help maximize crop yield and water use efficiency.

• Use drip irrigation wherever possible. Drip irrigation conserves water and allows more accurate application of both water and soil additives, all of which benefit fish and other aquatic life instream.

• Consider using sediment ponds to help increase water use efficiency, control erosion and nutrient losses, and improve water quality in nearby waterways. Sediment ponds can help trap, store and filter water that might otherwise runoff into streams, carrying with it loads of sediment, chemicals and nutrients that can be harmful to natural systems.

• Use techniques like laser leveling, gated pipes, mechanical straw mulching and others to control erosion caused by irrigation. Erosion causes excess sediment to flow into stream systems, which can reduce the amount of oxygen available to fish and other aquatic life and act to cover gravel spawning and rearing beds needed by salmon.

• Adjust, and when possible, reduce your use of nutrients by considering crop needs, testing soil conditions, tissues-testing or changing the frequency of fertilization. Fertilizers enter stream systems through groundwater, where they can stimulate growth of harmful aquatic plants and algae that deplete dissolved oxygen levels when they begin to break down. Low oxygen levels are harmful to fish and other aquatic life.

• Leave natural vegetation in place near waterways and reduce tillage on land that is not irrigated. Removing natural vegetation and disturbing non-irrigated land can cause erosion and loss of nutrients from those areas.

• Plant native trees and shrubs along streambanks. Healthy, native vegetation in wetland and riparian areas helps stabilize streambanks, prevent erosion and shade streams, which creates the cool, shaded and clean instream conditions essential to fish and other aquatic life.

• Practice upland pasture management techniques like planting and reseeding, noxious weed control, controlled burns, and fencing or establishing out-of-stream watering facilities. When conducted at appropriate locations and times, these management strategies can not only help improve production of irrigated lands, but can help maintain healthy riparian areas and improve water quality.

• Replace temporary diversion structures, such as push-up gravel dams with "fish-friendly" alternative structures. Examples include infiltration galleries, screened pumping systems and permanent diversions that provide fish passage.

• Participate in your local watershed council. Sharing information, ideas and resources with other members of your community who rely on the watershed will help us all preserve water resources for generations to come.