TEN WAYS RANCHERS CAN HELP RESTORE CLEAN WATER AND SALMON

• If you are grazing in riparian areas, consider creating riparian pastures to allow you to manage specifically for riparian conditions.

• Consider timing of grazing in riparian areas to manage for specific vegetation. If you have a riparian area that should be producing willow, alder, cottonwood or other shrub or tree species, then spring grazing will often allow them to reproduce. Livestock will generally prefer grasses, sedges, forbs and other nonwoody plants during spring and early summer. Later summer and fall grazing will often result in livestock browsing the shrub/tree sprouts which retards recruitments. Later summer/fall grazing will often work well in grass/sedge/rush meadows as long as sufficient soil moisture remains after grazing to allow regrowth, or as long as sufficient stubble height remains to protect the soil during winter/spring runoff.

• Consider using temporary electric fence to exclude portions of riparian areas to protect them if improvement is needed in management units that do not lend themselves to creation of specific riparian pastures. Electronic fence can be relatively inexpensive and can be moved to another location when livestock are not in the management unit or when it has achieved its purpose.

• Consider developing hardened crossings for livestock to either cross or access water in streams. Well designed hardened crossings, with a possible need for some training, will often turn into a preferred access point for livestock. This can reduce impact along most of a stream by reducing bank sloughing and sediment inputs.

• Consider developing off-stream watering sources for livestock. During winter especially, off-stream water will tend to attract livestock away from streams. On a year-around basis, off-stream water will help improve livestock distribution that will reduce pressure on riparian areas.

• Consider providing shade away from riparian areas. During the hot season, livestock often spend more time in riparian areas because they are more likely to have shade.

• Consider a Proper Functioning Condition assessment for your riparian areas. This will give a good idea of whether or not these areas are physically functioning properly. If they are not, the PFC assessment process can help determine whether or not a management change would provide an upward trend toward PFC. If you are at or approaching PFC, you are probably already managing for good riparian conditions which will benefit salmon and other riparian dependent organisms, including people.

• Consider developing a Ranch Plan with a water quality emphasis for your own management purposes. The University of California Extension Service has developed a ranch planning process for water quality. Your local extension office, soil and water conservation district, or Natural Resource Conservation office can help provide you with information to develop your own plan.

• Set up a photo monitoring program to help keep track of how your riparian areas respond to management, climate, wildlife use, and various other influences on riparian conditions. Your local extension office can provide you with information on how to set up and run a photo monitoring program.

• Consider contacting your local NRCS office to have them help you determine whether or not their new Conservation Reserve Riparian Buffer program can work to your advantage.