Measurement of surrogates(Measuring culvert gradient to estimate water velocities, etc.)

Advantages

• Some site specific information

• Time

• $$

• Limited expertise

• Extrapolation to other culverts

• Data useable for hydraulic analysis

• All pipe sizes

Disadvantages

• Limited ability to ID type of barrier

• Relies on strength of assumptions about

  • General conditions allowing fish passage
  • How conditions change under different flows

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